Below are links to the MANY articles on this website about Sleep-Wake Disorders.
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Circadian rhythm sleep-wake disorders
Circadian rhythm sleep-wake disorders: An overview
What is Delayed Sleep Phase Disorder?
Delayed Sleep Phase Disorder: Management
Blue-light-blocking glasses for delayed sleep phase disorder?
What to do about a couple’s mismatched circadian sleep-wake rhythm
Excessive daytime sleepiness
How are drowsiness, excessive sleepiness, somnolence, hypersomnolence, and hypersomnia different?
Clinical tips on excessive daytime sleepiness (hypersomnolence)
Case: residual fatigue and somnolence
Case: excessive daytime sleepiness after remission of major depression
Right questions to ask about a patient with depression and excessive sleepiness
Medications for excessive daytime sleepiness (due to sleep apnea, narcolepsy, or shift work disorder)
Insomnia disorder
Insomnia Disorder—Evaluation
Sleep log: Ten important questions about the person’s sleep
Insomnia? Ask about medications
MAO inhibitor-induced insomnia
Insomnia disorder—Hypnotics
FDA-approved medications for the treatment of insomnia (hypnotics)
Non-addictive sleep medications
Best hypnotics in elderly patients?
Hypnotics to avoid in the elderly (older adults)
Which hypnotics to use or avoid in persons with sleep apnea
Doxepin (Silenor®): Basic Information
Suvorexant (Belsomra®): Basic Information
Is quetiapine (Seroquel®) a reasonable option for treating insomnia?
Practical tips on using hypnotics: Benzodiazepines
Temazepam (Restoril®): Basic Information
Practical tips on using hypnotics: the Z drugs
Hypnotic if waking up in the middle of the night?
Eszopiclone (Lunesta®): Basic Information
Zolpidem (Ambien® and Ambien CR®): Basic Information
Zaleplon (Sonata®): Basic Information
Pros and cons of ramelteon (Rozerem) as a hypnotic
Ramelteon (Rozerem®): Basic Information
Does melatonin work for insomnia?
What are the potential side effects of melatonin?
Can melatonin increase blood sugar?
Low-dose preparations of melatonin
Which brand and preparation of melatonin to recommend
My best tip for reducing (or stopping) benzodiazepines and hypnotics
– Also see Hypnotic Medications (Main Menu)
Insomnia Disorder—Sleep Hygiene and Cognitive-Behavior Therapy
How to lay a powerful foundation for treating insomnia
Sleep hygiene worksheets
When should we recommend sleep restriction therapy?
How exactly to do sleep restriction therapy
How to “sell” sleep restriction therapy to persons with insomnia
Insomnia Disorder—Tools
Wearing earplugs can reduce insomnia and improve sleep quality
Sleep masks for better sleep
Which blue-light-blocking glasses to recommend
Blue-light-blocking glasses for persons with bipolar disorder?
Blue-light-blocking glasses for delayed sleep phase disorder?
Jet lag disorder
Jet lag disorder is a real clinical condition
We need to actively prevent/ manage jet lag in our patients
Tips for the prevention and treatment of jet lag
How exactly to use melatonin or melatonin receptor agonists for jet lag
Narcolepsy
How is narcolepsy diagnosed—clinically and in the sleep lab?
What is sleep paralysis and why is it important?
How are hypnagogic/ hypnopompic “hallucinations” different?
What causes should we consider for hypnagogic/ hypnogogic “hallucinations”?
Nightmare disorder
What is nightmare disorder and why is it important?
PTSD-associated nightmares: Menu of treatment options
Does prazosin work for PTSD? If so, for which symptoms?
What is NightWare and should we recommend it to persons with nightmares?
Could a medication be causing your patient’s nightmares?
Obstructive sleep apnea hypopnea
Obstructive Sleep Apnea Hypopnea—Screening
Obstructive sleep apnea is common and massively underdiagnosed
Are we missing the diagnosis of obstructive sleep apnea hypopnea (OSAH) in our patients with major depressive disorder?
STOP-Bang Questionnaire
How to screen for sleep apnea
Screening for sleep apnea: Does your patient snore?
How to know if our patients snore—even if they live alone
Epworth Sleepiness Scale (my brief summary and link to the scale itself)
How to measure neck circumference
Obstructive Sleep Apnea Hypopnea—Clinical Features
Comorbid insomnia and sleep apnea (COMISA) is common and important
Obstructive Sleep Apnea Hypopnea—Sleep studies
In a sleep study result, what is the Respiratory Disturbance (Distress) Index (RDI)?
Apnea-Hypopnea Index
What does the respiratory event index (REI) on a home sleep study mean?
Does your patient have *positional* (supine) obstructive sleep apnea?
Obstructive Sleep Apnea Hypopnea—Management
Clinical tips on excessive daytime sleepiness (hypersomnolence)
Tirzepatide (Zepbound®) for obstructive sleep apnea (OSA)
Trazodone for comorbid insomnia and sleep apnea (COMISA)?
Which hypnotics to use or avoid in persons with sleep apnea
Are dual orexin receptor antagonists (DORAs) safe in obstructive sleep apnea?
How I helped my patient with positional obstructive sleep apnea
Buying and using a positional therapy device for positional obstructive sleep apnea
Check patients’ phones for how well their CPAP is working
Rapid eye movement (REM) sleep behavior disorder
What is REM sleep behavior disorder and why is it so important?
REM sleep behavior disorder: Screening and diagnosis
Management of REM sleep behavior disorder
Restless legs syndrome
Are we missing iron deficiency without anemia?
The FIRST thing you should do if your patient has Restless Legs Syndrome
Clinical features of Restless Legs Syndrome (RLS)
Restless legs syndrome (RLS): DSM-5-TR diagnostic criteria explained
How to order and interpret iron studies
Sleep paralysis
Sleep tools
Wearing earplugs can reduce insomnia and improve sleep quality
Sleep masks for better sleep
Which blue-light-blocking glasses to recommend
Blue-light-blocking glasses for persons with bipolar disorder?
Blue-light-blocking glasses for delayed sleep phase disorder?
Informal “bladder training” can help many of our patients
Apps
BEST apps and websites for evaluating, tracking, and improving sleep
Recommended free app for evaluating sleep duration and quality
The Apple Watch can identify deficits in deep sleep and response to interventions
To improve sleep, consider recommending a white-noise smartphone app
Miscellaneous
Also see Hypnotic Medications (Main Menu)
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