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Substance-Related and Addictive Disorders (Main Menu)

Below are links to the MANY articles on this website about SUBSTANCE-RELATED AND ADDICTIVE DISORDERS. , which is the title of the relevant chapter in the DSM-5-TR®.

All the other MAIN MENUS on this website can be found by clicking HERE, or on *MENUS* at the top of any page on this website.

To use this Menu, please click on the category (or the arrow to the left of its name) to EXPAND the category and see what is included in it.

When you are done, click the category (or the arrow to its left) to COLLAPSE it.



Urine drug screen

Which urine drug screen (UDS) should we order?

Which urine drug screen do most workplaces require?

For how long are substances detected in a urine drug screen (UDS)?

False-positive urine drug screen: Principles and a table for reference

Opioids in the urine drug screen

Will zolpidem be detected on a standard urine drug screen? 

“Fingerprint” metabolites that uniquely identify substances in a urine drug screen


Alcohol

Alcohol use—Basic facts

Three key statistics about alcohol use: Bad, worse, and worst news

What is a “standard” drink?

How much alcohol intake is “normal”?

Alcohol, not marijuana, is the real gateway drug

Alcohol use—Screening

How to screen for alcohol use disorder

AUDIT-C: A practical guide

Let’s stop using the CAGE questionnaire

Real-life examples: How to identify recent alcohol use in urine and blood tests

Why, who, and how to monitor for increased alcohol use after bariatric surgery

Alcohol withdrawal

Understanding the DSM-5-TR diagnostic criteria for alcohol withdrawal 

Clinical Institute Withdrawal Assessment for Alcohol, revised (CIWA-Ar)

Which benzodiazepines for alcohol withdrawal syndrome (AWS)?

Alcohol withdrawal syndrome: Benzodiazepine regimens

How exactly to prescribe thiamine for the prevention of Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome

Non-Alcoholic or Alcohol-Free Beer

What are “non-alcoholic,” “alcohol-free,” “low alcohol,” and “reduced alcohol” beverages? 

Non-alcoholic or alcohol-free beer in patients with past alcohol use disorder?

Is non-alcoholic beer safe in patients on monoamine oxidase (MAO) inhibitors?

Will non-alcoholic beer show up in breath or urine tests?

Where to find/ buy non-alcoholic or alcohol-free beer

Alcohol use disorder—Treatment

APA Practice Guideline for the Pharmacological Treatment of Patients With Alcohol Use Disorder

How exactly to prescribe thiamine for the prevention of Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome

Tips on using naltrexone for alcohol use disorder

How high can we go with naltrexone for alcohol use disorder?

Tips on using naltrexone extended-release injectable (Vivitrol®)

How to order, store, and administer naltrexone extended-release injection (Vivitrol®)

Find a Vivitrol® prescriber

Could extended-release naltrexone injection work for alcohol use disorder even if oral naltrexone did not?

Naltrexone (Revia®, Vivitrol®): Basic information

Tips on using acamprosate (Campral®) for alcohol use disorder

Disulfiram: A shortcut to sobriety?

How to use disulfiram to help with alcoholism

Should we consider gabapentin for alcohol use disorder?

Tips on treating alcohol use disorder in persons with a bipolar disorder

Should we tell people with alcoholism to avoid drinking kombucha?


Caffeine

Caffeine and mental health

How much caffeine is too much?

Key things clinicians should know about caffeine withdrawal 

Minimizing caffeine may be helpful in bipolar disorder

Caffeine can significantly change serum clozapine levels

Interactions that can significantly affect caffeine metabolism

Should those with migraine not consume caffeine?

Caffeine content of coffee and tea

Should we recommend decaffeinated coffee?

Caffeine content of soft drinks 

Caffeine content of “energy” drinks

Drug interactions with caffeine

Caffeine can significantly change serum clozapine levels

Let’s wake up to how much caffeine our patients are taking


Cannabis

Cannabis—General articles

Cannabis (“Marijuana”): Terminology

Acute effects of cannabis that we should warn patients about

Why and how to routinely ask and counsel patients about driving after cannabis use

Cannabis or cannabinoids for PTSD?

Cannabis or cannabinoids for dementia?

Only the minimum about cannabigerol (CBG) 

Cannabis—Drug interactions

Which psychotropic medications does cannabis affect?

Cannabidiol (CBD): Drug interactions

Pharmacokinetics of cannabis or cannabinoids

Cannabidiol (CBD)

What is cannabidiol (CBD)?

What is the dose of cannabidiol (CBD) for anxiety disorders?

Cannabidiol (CBD): Clinical experience

Cannabidiol for schizophrenia or other psychotic disorders? An overview

What did randomized, double-blind clinical trials of cannabidiol in schizophrenia find?

What side effects can cannabidiol (CBD) cause in our patients?

Cannabidiol (CBD): Drug interactions

Cannabis use disorder

Which medications work for cannabis use disorder?

Tips for managing the abuse potential of medications for ADHD

Does lisdexamfetamine really have lower abuse potential?

Key facts about ADHD and cannabis use (and their practical implications)

How should ADHD be treated when cannabis use is also present?

Stimulants for ADHD with a history of a substance use disorder?

Should stimulant medications be avoided in ADHD patients who use cannabis?

Cannabis withdrawal

We may be missing cannabis withdrawal

Cannabinoid hyperemesis syndrome

What is cannabinoid hyperemesis syndrome?

Cannabinoid hyperemesis syndrome (CHS): Clinical features

Cannabinoid hyperemesis syndrome (CHS): Management

Capzasin-HP cream: Information and instructions for patients


Hypnotics

Non-addictive sleep medications

Will zolpidem be detected on a standard urine drug screen? 


Kratom

Kratom: A primer for clinicians


Opioids

Opioid use disorder

Opioid use disorder is a VERY serious condition

Clinical pearls on prescribing buprenorphine (Suboxone®)

Clinical pearls about prescribing buprenorphine: Part Two

Buprenorphine (Subutex®, Suboxone®)

Buprenorphine extended-release injection (Sublocade®) 

Opioids in the urine drug screen

Tips for our opioid-dependent patients

Naltrexone (Revia®, Vivitrol®): Basic information

Tips on using naltrexone extended-release injectable (Vivitrol®)

Naltrexone extended-release injection (Vivitrol®): The how to


Fentanyl

Why we MUST know about fentanyl and fentanyl analogs

Fentanyl analogs and why they are so important

An overview of fentanyl opioid use disorder (addiction)

Special points in the management of fentanyl opioid use disorder (addiction)

Special tests are needed to identify fentanyl in the urine

Special issues in using naloxone for overdoses involving fentanyl


Miscellaneous

Loperamide abuse: Tips for mental health clinicians

NeuroStim System-2 (NSS-2) BRIDGE


Psychedelics

Considerable beneficial effects are reported by psilocybin users

What side effects can occur with psilocybin

Is psilocybin addictive?

Can psilocybin lead to suicide or other self-harm?

What we need to know about hallucinogen persisting perception disorder (HPPD)

Can psychedelics cause serotonin toxicity (syndrome)?

Can a psychedelic be taken along with lithium?


Stimulants

Prescription stimulant medications

Eight tips for reducing the risk of  abuse/diversion of stimulants

Does lisdexamfetamine really have lower abuse potential?


Methamphetamine

Methamphetamine use: What, Who, How, and Why

What harms can result from methamphetamine use?

Three scenarios in which psychosis can occur in a methamphetamine user

How to treat methamphetamine use disorder


Other stimulants

What is khat, and why is it important in mental health?


Tobacco/ Nicotine

Tobacco/ Nicotine—General Articles

Are you evaluating and treating tobacco use disorder in your patients?

High-yield tips for evaluating patients who use tobacco

A simple questionnaire to help guide tobacco cessation treatment

A practical guide to the management of tobacco use disorder

Smoking and psychotropic medications

A primer on tobacco-free oral nicotine pouches


Nicotine Replacement Therapy (NRT)

A practical guide to nicotine replacement therapy (NRT)

How exactly should nicotine patches be used?

How exactly should nicotine gum be used?

How exactly should nicotine lozenges be used?

How exactly should nicotine oral inhalers be used?

How exactly should nicotine nasal spray be used?

Don’t miss nicotine as a cause of the increase in pulse rate or blood pressure

Monitor pulse rate and blood pressure when bupropion and nicotine are combined


Varenicline

Are varenicline (Chantix) and bupropion safe for smoking cessation in persons with mental disorders?

Varenicline (Chantix®): Basic Information

A practical guide to using varenicline (Chantix®) for tobacco (smoking) cessation

What are the potential side effects of varenicline (Chantix®)?

Clarification about the potential neuropsychiatric side effects of varenicline (Chantix®)


Electronic Cigarettes (E-cigarettes)

What are electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes)?

Do electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes) work for smoking cessation?

What “authorities” say about e-cigarettes for tobacco use disorder


Finding treatment for addictions

How to find a certified addiction psychiatrist 

How to find treatment facilities for substance use disorders (addiction)

SAMHSA National Helpline (Treatment Referral Routing Service)

How to choose a rehab

Private facilities for the treatment of  substance use disorders


Substance use and Bipolar disorders

How common is the comorbidity of bipolar disorders and substance use disorders?

Bipolar disorder or substance use? Tips on resolving the diagnostic confusion

Tips on treating patients with BOTH a bipolar disorder AND a substance use disorder


Substance use—Miscellaneous articles

Tips on dealing with “slips” in recovery

Never crave alone

What happened to polysubstance dependence?

Practice guidelines for substance-related and addictive disorders

How to learn addiction psychiatry


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Disclaimer: The material on this website is provided as general education for medical professionals. It is not intended for patients or other laypersons, nor is it a substitute for medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. Patients must always consult a qualified healthcare professional regarding their diagnosis and treatment. Healthcare professionals should always check this website for the most up-to-date information.

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