Coffee consumption is associated with an increased risk of lung cancer

A large meta-analysis of 26 prospective cohort studies that had a total of nearly 1.8 million participants found that coffee consumption was associated with an increased risk of lung cancer (Jin and Je, 2024). Also, the risk of lung cancer was greater in those with high versus low coffee consumption (relative risk 1.30). This is not the first paper to report an association between coffee intake and an increased risk of lung cancer; this association has been reported many times.

What should we make of this?  Should we try to reduce our coffee intake based on this large meta-analysis of studies? What more information do we need before acting on the basis of this meta-analysis?